The large scale impact of offshore wind farm structures on pelagic primary production in the southern North Sea

This research is funded by the Marine, Coastal and Polar Systems (PACES II) of the Hermann von HelmholtzGemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren e.V.. K.S. is funded by the European Commission Erasmus Mundus Masters Course in Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management (MESPOM). C.L., O.K. and K.K. received support from the “Modular System for Shelves and Coasts” (MOSSCO) grant provided by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung under agreements 03F0667A and 03F0667B; O.K. and K.W. are also supported by the DFG priority programme 1704 “Flexibility matters: Interplay between trait diversity and ecological dynamics using aquatic communities as model system” (DynaTrait) under grant agreement KE 1970/1-1. K.K. is furthermore supported by the DFG Collaborative Research Center “Energy Transfers in Atmosphere and Ocean” TRR181. We thank all co-developers of the model coupling framework MOSSCO, foremost M. Hassan Nasermoaddeli and Richard Hofmeister. The authors gratefully acknowledge the computing time granted by the John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC) and provided on the supercomputer JURECA at Forschungszentrum Jülich. We are grateful to the open source community that provided many of the tools used in this study, including but not limited to the communities developing ESMF, FABM, GETM and GOTM.